Measures

Barriers Self-Efficacy

Exercise Self-Efficacy

Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES)

Causal Dimension Scale - II:

Barriers Self-Efficacy:

McAuley, E. (1992). The role of efficacy cognitions in the prediction of exercise behavior in middle-aged adults. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 65-88.

The barriers specific self-efficacy scale was designed to tap subjects' perceived capabilities to exercise in the face of commonly identified barriers to participation. Participants indicate their degree of confidence for each item on a 0% (no confidence at all) to 100% (complete confidence) scale. The confidence scores are summed and divided by the total number of items giving a possible range of 0-100%. This measure is composed of 13-items, although shorter versions of the scale have been successfully employed with older adults to predict exercise behavior in diverse populations.

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Exercise Self-Efficacy:

McAuley, E. (1993). Self-efficacy and the maintenance of exercise participation in older adults. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16, 103-113.

This measure is designed to tap subjects' efficacy with respect to continued exercise participation in prescribed exercise regimens over incremental periods of time. Participants indicate their degree of confidence for each item on a 0% (no confidence at all) to 100% (complete confidence) scale. The confidence scores are summed and divided by the total number of items giving a possible range of 0-100%.

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Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES):

McAuley, E., & Courneya, K. (1994). The Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale (SEES): Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 16, 163-177.

The Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale (SEES; McAuley & Courneya, 1994) is a 12-item scale assessing three general categories of subjective responses to exercise stimuli: positive well-being, psychological distress, and fatigue. For each item on the SEES, participants rate how strongly they are experiencing each feeling state along a 7-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not at all) to 7 (very much so). The SEES has been applied across a variety of populations, including older adults and children.

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Causal Dimension Scale - II:

McAuley, E., Duncan, T., & Russell, D. (1992). Measuring causal attributions: The revised Causal Dimension Scale (CDSII). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 566-573.

This is a revision of the original Casual Dimension Scale (CDS; Russell, 1982) and takes into consideration the participant as an active agent in the attribution process. The CDS-2 assesses causal attributions along four dimensions: Locus of Causality, Stability, Personal Control, and External Control.

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